1st March 1775 Purandar Treaty Was Signed By Nana Phadanvis And British Army

First Anglo-Maratha War

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Date	1775–1782
Location	Pune
Result	Maratha victory Treaty of Salbai^[1] and return of Maratha territories: Company retained control ofSalsette but all the territories occupied by the British after the treaty of Purandar were given back to the Marathas.

Belligerents

East India Company

Maratha Empire

The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782) was the first of three Anglo-Maratha wars fought between the British East India Company and Maratha Empire in India. The war began with the Treaty of Surat and ended with the Treaty of Salbai.

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Background[edit]

After the death of Madhavrao Peshwa in 1772, his brother Narayanrao became Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. However, Raghunathrao, Narayanrao's uncle, had his nephew assassinated in a palace conspiracy that resulted in Raghunathrao becoming Peshwa, although he was not the legal heir.

Narayanrao's widow, Gangabai, gave birth to a posthumous son, who was legal heir to the throne. The newborn infant was named 'Sawai' Madhavrao (Sawai means "One and a Quarter"). Twelve Maratha chiefs, led by Nana Phadnavis directed an effort to name the infant as the new Peshwa and rule under him as regents.

Raghunathrao, unwilling to give up his position of power, sought help from the British at Bombay and signed the Treaty of Surat on 6 March 1775. According to the treaty, Raghunathrao ceded the territories of Salsette and Bassein to the British, along with part of the revenues from Surat and Bharuch districts. In return, the British promised to provide Raghunathrao with 2,500 soldiers.

The British Calcutta Council condemned the Treaty of Surat, sending Colonel Upton to Pune to annul it and make a new treaty with the regency. The Treaty of Purandhar (1 March 1776) annulled that of Surat, Raghunathrao was pensioned and his cause abandoned, but the revenues of Salsette and Broach districts were retained by the British. The Bombay government rejected this new treaty and gave refuge to Raghunathrao. In 1777 Nana Phadnavis violated the treaty with the Calcutta Council by granting theFrench a port on the west coast. The British replied by sending a force towards Pune. The tangle was increased by the support of the London authorities for Bombay, which in 1778–79 again supported Raghunathrao. Peace was finally restored in 1782.

Initial Stage and Treaty of Purandar (1775 - 1776)[edit]

British troops under the command of Colonel Keating left Surat on March 15, 1775 for Pune. But they were checked by Haripant Phadke at Adas and were totally defeated on May 18, 1775.^[2]

Warren Hastings estimated that direct actions against Pune would be detrimental. Therefore, the British Calcutta Council condemned the Treaty of Surat, sending Colonel Upton to Pune to annul it and make a new treaty with the regency. An agreement between Upton and the ministers of Pune called Treaty of Purandar was signed on March 1, 1776.

The Treaty of Purandhar (1 March 1776) annulled that of Surat, Raghunath Rao was pensioned and his cause abandoned, but the revenues of Salsette and Broach districts were retained by the British.

Battle of Wadgaon[edit]

The East India Company's force from Bombay consisted of about 3,900 men (about 600 Europeans, the rest Asian) accompanied by many thousands of servants and specialist workers. They were joined on the way by Raghunath's forces, adding several thousand more soldiers, and more artillery. The Maratha army included forces contributed by all the partners in the federation, tens of thousands in all, commanded by Tukojirao Holkar and General Mahadji Shinde (also known as Mahadji Sindia).

Mahadji slowed down the British march and sent forces west to cut off its supply lines. When they found out about this, the British halted at Talegaon, a few hours' brisk march from Pune, but days away for the thousands of support staff with their ox-drawn carts. Now the Maratha cavalry harassed the enemy from all sides. The Marathas also utilized a scorched earth policy, burning farmland and poisoning wells.

The British began to withdraw from Talegaon in the middle of the night, but the Marathas attacked, forcing them to halt in the village of Wadgaon (now called Vadgaon or Vadgaon Maval), where the British force was surrounded on 12 January 1779. By the end of the next day, the British were ready to discuss surrender terms, and on 16 January signed the Treaty of Wadgaon that forced the Bombay government to relinquish all territories acquired by the Bombay office of the East India Company since 1773.^[3]

British response[edit]

Reinforcements from northern India, commanded by Colonel (later General) Thomas Wyndham Goddard, arrived too late to save the Bombay force. The British Governor-General in Bengal, Warren Hastings, rejected the treaty on the grounds that the Bombay officials had no legal power to sign it, and ordered Goddard to secure British interests in the area.

Goddard with 6,000 troops stormed Bhadra Fort and captured Ahmedabad on February 15, 1779. There was a garrison of 6,000 Arab and Sindhi infantry and 2,000 horses. Losses in the fight totalled 108, including two Britons.^[4]^[5]^[6] Goddard also captured Basseinon December 11, 1780. Another Bengal detachment led by Captain Popham captured Gwalior and assisted by the Rana of Gohad, captured Gwalior on August 4, 1780, before Mahadji Scindia could make preparations. Skirmishes took place between Mahadji Scindia and General Goddard in Gujarat, but indecisively. Hastings sent yet another force to harass Mahadji Shinde, commanded by Major Camac.^[7]

British defeat in Central India and the Deccan[edit]

After capturing Bassein, Goddard marched towards Pune. But he was routed at Borghat – Parshurambha in April 1781 by Haripant Phadke and Tukoji Holkar.

In central India, Mahadji stationed himself at Malwa to challenge Camac. Initially, Mahadji had an upper hand and British forces under Camac, being harassed and reduced, had to retreat to Hadur.^[8]

In February 1781 the British beat Shinde to the town of Sipri,^[9] but every move they made after that was shadowed by his much larger army, and their supplies were cut off, until they made a desperate night raid in late March, capturing not only supplies, but even guns and elephants.^[10] Thereafter, the military threat from Shinde's forces to the British was much reduced.

The contest was equally balanced now. Where Mahadji scored a significant victory over Camac at Sironj,^[11] the latter avenged the loss through the Battle of Durdah ^[12] on March 24, 1781.

Colonel Murre arrived with fresh forces in April, 1781 to assist Popham and Camac. After his defeat at Sipri, Mahadji Scindia got alarmed. Finally, he decisively crushed the forces of Murre on July 1, 1781. Mahadji seemed to be too powerful to be defeated now.

At the same time the British invasion on Konkan was thoroughly defeated.

Learning about these defeats, both from central India and the Deccan, Warren Hastings, who arrived at Varanasi, urged Colonel Murre to begin peace talks with Mahadji.^[8]

Treaty of Salbai[edit]

After the British defeat, Warren Hastings through Mahadji Shinde proposed a new treaty between the Peshwa and the British that would recognize the young Madhavrao as the Peshwa and grant Raghunathrao a pension.

This treaty, known as the Treaty of Salbai, was signed on 17 May 1782, and was ratified by Hastings in June 1782 and by Phadnis in February 1783. The treaty also returned to Shinde all his territories west of the Yamuna.

It also guaranteed peace between the two sides for twenty years, thus ending the war. (Salbai is located 32 km south-east to Gwalior city in Gwalior district, MP)

Notes[edit]

Jump up^ Thorpe, Edgar; Thorpe, Showick. Concise General Knowledge Manual. Pearson Education India. p. 49. ISBN 978-81-317-5512-9. Retrieved 3 November 2012.
Jump up^ The Great Maratha by N.G.Rahod p.11
Jump up^ Beveridge, Henry A Comprehensive History of India, London, Blackie (1862), via Google Books, accessed 2008-01-27
Jump up^ "Bhadra Fort to turn into heritage hangout!". The Times of India (Ahmedabad). TNN. June 12, 2009. Retrieved January 17, 2013.
Jump up^ Duff, James Grant (1826) [Oxford University]. A History of the Mahrattas 2. London: Longman, Rees, Orme, Brown, and Green.
Jump up^ Beveridge, Henry (1862) [New York Public Library]. A comprehensive history of India, civil, military and social. Blackie. pp. 456–466.
Jump up^ Camac (not to be confused with Carnac!) received his promotion to Lieutenant-Colonel while on this mission
^ Jump up to:^a ^b The Great Maratha by N.G.Rathod p.20
Jump up^ Duff, James Grant A History of the Mahrattas London, Longman (1826), via Google Books, accessed 2008-01-27
Jump up^ Mill, James option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=843&chapter=79955&layout=html&Itemid=27 The History of British India, vol. 4, chapter 6, London, Baldwin (1826), via oll.libertyfund.org, accessed 2008-01-27
Jump up^ Battles of the Honourable East India Company: Making of the Raj by M.S.Naravane p.62
Jump up^ Dictionary of Battles and Sieges by Tony Jaques p.320

Sources[edit]

Athale, Anil. Anil Athale on Joffe's Invaders. Retrieved July 21, 2011.
Beck, Sanderson. Marathas and the English Company 1701-1818. Retrieved Oct. 1, 2004.
Hameed, Shahul. The First Anglo-Maratha War (1775–1782). Retrieved Oct. 1, 2004.
Indian History – British Period. Retrieved Oct. 1, 2004.
Paranjpe, Amit et al. History of Maharashtra. Retrieved Oct. 1, 2004.
The Great Maratha - Mahadji Scindia by N.G.Rathod . Retrieved July 23, 2013.

Preceded by —	Anglo-Maratha Wars	Succeeded by Second Anglo-Maratha War

[show] v t e Colonial conflicts involving the English/British Empire

[hide] v t e Maratha Empire

Rulers	Shivaji I Sambhaji Rajaram I Tarabai Shahu I Rajaram II Shahu II

Peshwas	Moro Pant Trimbak Pingle Ramchandra Pant Amatya Bahiroji Pingale Parashuram Trimbak Kulkarni Balaji Vishwanath Bajirao Balaji Baji Rao Madhavrao Ballal Narayanrao Raghunathrao Sawai Madhavrao Baji Rao II Amrutrao Nana Sahib

Others	Ahilyabai Holkar Gopikabai Jankibai Jijabai Kashibai Mastani Muddupalani Parvatibai Putalabai Radhikabai Ramabai Saibai Sakvarbai Soyarabai Umabaisaheb Yesubai Tulsi Bai Holkar

Maratha Confederacy (subsidiary or feudatory states)	Bhonsle of Nagpur Gaekwad of Baroda Scindia of Gwalior Holkar of Indore

Battles	Pratapgarh Kolhapur Pavan Khind Surat Sinhagad Palkhed Mandsaur Riwas 1st Delhi Vasai Trichinopoly Expeditions in Bengal Udgir 2nd Delhi Attock Peshawar 3rd Panipat Rakshabhuvan Panchgaon Gajendragad Lalsot Patan Kharda Poona 3rd Delhi Assaye Laswari Farrukhabad Bharatpur Khadki Koregaon Mahidpur full list

Wars	Maratha War of Independence Maratha–Mysore War First Anglo-Maratha War Second Anglo-Maratha War Third Anglo-Maratha War

Adversaries	Adilshahi Mughal Empire Durrani Empire British Empire Portuguese Empire Hyderabad Mysore

Forts	Panhala Pratapgad Purandar Raigad Rajgad Shivneri Sindhudurg Sinhagad Torna

Sunday, 1 March 2015

1st March 1775 Purandar Treaty Was Signed By Nana Phadanvis And British Army

First Anglo-Maratha War

Contents

Background[edit]

Initial Stage and Treaty of Purandar (1775 - 1776)[edit]

Battle of Wadgaon[edit]

British response[edit]

British defeat in Central India and the Deccan[edit]

Treaty of Salbai[edit]

See also[edit]

First Anglo-Maratha War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Third Anglo-Maratha War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Mahadaji Shinde - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Indian History - British Period - Arrival of Europeans in India

The First Anglo-Maratha War, 1774-1783: A Military Study ...

First Anglo-Maratha War - Important India

The Pearson General Studies Manual 2009, 1/e

Pratiyogita Darpan - पृष्ठ 26 - Google पुस्तके परिणाम

[PDF]HISTORY - Textbooks Online

[PDF]Download Chapter - Arihant Book

Notes[edit]

Sources[edit]

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