29TH APRIL 1947 ABOLITION OF UNTOUCHABILITY IN INDIA-BHARAT
Untouchability
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Untouchable (disambiguation).
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Untouchability is the practice of ostracising a group by segregating them from the mainstream by social custom or legal mandate. The excluded group could be one that did not accept the norms of the excluding group and historically included foreigners, nomadic tribes, law-breakers and criminals and those suffering from a contagious disease. It could also be a group that did not accept change of customs enforced by a certain group. This exclusion was a method of punishing law-breakers and also protected traditional societies against contagion from strangers and the infected. A member of the excluded group is known as an Untouchable.
According to Babasaheb B. R. Ambedkar, untouchability was born about 400 AD ,due to the struggle for supremacy between Buddhism and Brahmanism (an ancient term for Brahmanical Hinduism).[1] The term is commonly associated with treatment of the Dalitcommunities, who are considered "polluting" among the people of South Asia, but the term has been used for other groups as well, such as the Burakumin of Japan, Cagots in Europe, or the Al-Akhdam in Yemen. Untouchability has been made illegal in post-independence India, and Dalits substantially empowered, although some prejudice against them continues.[2]
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[hide]Diverse ethnicities population in South Asia[edit]
According to Sarah Pinto, an anthropologist, untouchability in India applies to people whose work relates to "death, bodies, meat, and bodily fluids".[3] In the name of untouchability, Dalits have faced work and descent-based discrimination at the hands of the dominant castes. Instances of caste discrimination at different places and times included:[4]
- Prohibition from eating with other members
- Provision of separate cups in village tea stalls
- Separate seating arrangements and utensils in restaurants
- Segregation in seating and food arrangements in village functions and festivals
- Prohibition from entering into village temples (This is diminishing these days)
- Prohibition from wearing sandals or holding umbrellas in front of higher caste members
- Prohibition from entering other caste homes
- Prohibition from using common village path
- Separate burial grounds
- No access to village's common/public properties and resources (wells, ponds, temples, etc.)
- Segregation (separate seating area) of children in schools
- Bonded labour
- Social boycotts by other castes for refusing to perform their "duties"
Government action in India[edit]
The 1950 national constitution of India legally abolished the practice of untouchability and provided measures for positive discrimination in both educational institutions and public services for Dalits and other social groups who lie within the caste system. These are supplemented by official bodies such as the National Commission for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.
Despite this, instances of prejudice against Dalits still occur in some rural areas, as evidenced by events such as the Kherlanji massacre.
In recent times, there have been some radical reforms in the social sector of India. The famous Vithoba Temple, Pandharpur became the first temple in India to allow priests from backward classes.[5]
Untouchable groups[edit]
| This section does not cite any references or sources. (October 2012) |
- Cagots in France and Spain
- Dalit in South Asia
- Burakumin in Japan
- Baekjeong in Korea
- Gypsies in Europe
- Al-Akhdam in Yemen
- Ragyabpa in Tibet (see Social classes of Tibet)
- Tanka (danhu) ("boat people") in Guangdong, Fuzhou Tanka in Fujian, si-min (small people) and mianhu in Jiangsu, Gaibu and Duomin (To min) 惰民 duò mín ("idle/lazy/fallen/indolent people") in Zhejiang, jiuxing yumin 九姓魚民 jiǔxìng yúmín ("nine name fishermen") in the Yangzi River region, yoh-hu ("music people") in Shanxi in China
- Osus in Nigeria and Cameroon
See also[edit]
Untouchability - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Untouchability या पानाचे भाषांतर कराUntouchability is the practice of ostracising a group by segregating them from ... India legally abolished the practice of untouchability and provided measures for ...-
abolition of untouchability साठी अधिक प्रतिमा
constituent assembly debate and article 17 abolition of ...
www.academia.edu/.../CONSTITUENT... या पानाचे भाषांतर कराCONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY DEBATE AND ARTICLE 17 ABOLITION OF UNTOUCHABILITY ARTICLE 17 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA READS, ...Article 17 of Indian Constitution and Abolishment of ...
www.gktoday.in/article-17-of-indian-c... या पानाचे भाषांतर करा१० मार्च, २०१३ - Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability Article 17 abolishes the untouchability and its practice in any form is made punishable under the law. This.Abolition of untouchability - AdvocateKhoj
www.advocatekhoj.com/.../17.php?...A... या पानाचे भाषांतर कराAbolition of untouchability of the act, Constitution of India, 1949.Short essay on The Abolition of Untouchability in India
www.preservearticles.com/.../short-essa... या पानाचे भाषांतर करा१२ नोव्हें, २०११ - Article 17 abolishes 'untouchability', and its practice in any form is made an offence punishable under the law. No article in the Constitution was ...Untouchability in India - Discrimination, Abolition and ...
www.indiacelebrating.com/.../untoucha... या पानाचे भाषांतर कराUntouchability in India - What is Untouchability, Who are Untouchables and Dalits, Types of Discrimination, Abolition and Present Scenario of Untouchability.Constitution of India, Article 17: Abolition of Untouchability
berkleycenter.georgetown.edu/.../consti... या पानाचे भाषांतर करा“Untouchability” is abolished and its practice in any form is forbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of “Untouchability” shall be an offence ...article 17 constitution - Indian Kanoon
indiankanoon.org/search/?formInput... या पानाचे भाषांतर कराpassed had been prepared in pursuance of Article 17 of the Constitution, by whichuntouchability was abolished and its practice ... been enacted under Article... Untouchability Offences Act, 1955 - Dalit March
dalitmarch.org/untouchability-offences... या पानाचे भाषांतर कराThrough Article 17 of the Constitution, untouchability was abolished and its practice in any form had been abolished. Untouchability means the practices evolved ...Fundamental Rights The Part III of the Constitution of India ...
https://plus.google.com/.../UJE... या पानाचे भाषांतर करा६ ऑग, २०१३ - Fundamental rights for Indians aim at narrowing down the inequalities of pre-independence social practices, especially the abolition of untouchability. They also ...
References[edit]
- ^ "Top RSS leader misquotes Ambedkar on untouchability".
- ^ Peter Berger, Frank Heidemann. The Modern Anthropology of India: Ethnography, Themes and Theory. Routledge. p. 164.
- ^ Pinto, Sarah (2013). Where There Is No Midwife: Birth and Loss in Rural India. Berghahn Books. p. 47. ISBN 978-0-85745-448-5.
- ^ Who are Dalits? & What is Untouchability? — Portal
- ^ "Lord Vithoba temple makes history by having women and lower-caste priests". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 9 May 2014.
External links[edit]
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