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2. R. Venkataraman

   Former President of India
3. Ramaswamy Venkataraman was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union minister and as the eighth President of India. Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village in Tanjore district, Madras Presidency. Wikipedia
5. Born: December 4, 1910, Rajamadam
6. Died: January 27, 2009, Delhi
7. Spouse: Janaki Venkataraman (m. 1938–2009)
8. Presidential term: July 25, 1987 – July 25, 1992
9. Previous offices: President of India (1987–1992), Vice President of India (1984–1987)
10. Education: Dr. Ambedkar Government Law College, Chennai, University of Madras, Loyola College, Chennai

11. R. Venkataraman

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

    This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2012)

    Ramaswamy Venkataraman
    8th President of India
    In office 25 July 1987 – 25 July 1992
    Prime Minister	Rajiv Gandhi Vishwanath Pratap Singh Chandra Shekhar Narasimha Rao
    Vice President	Shankar Dayal Sharma
    Preceded by	Zail Singh
    Succeeded by	Shankar Dayal Sharma
    Vice-President of India
    In office 20 August 1982 – 27 July 1987
    President	Zail Singh
    Preceded by	Mohammad Hidayatullah
    Succeeded by	Shankar Dayal Sharma
    Minister of Home Affairs
    In office 22 June 1982 – 2 September 1982
    Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
    Preceded by	Zail Singh
    Succeeded by	Prakash Chandra Sethi
    Minister of Defence
    In office 15 January 1982 – 2 August 1984
    Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
    Preceded by	Indira Gandhi
    Succeeded by	Shankarrao Chavan
    Minister of Finance
    In office 14 January 1980 – 15 January 1982
    Prime Minister	Indira Gandhi
    Preceded by	Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna
    Succeeded by	Pranab Mukherjee
    Personal details
    Born	4 December 1910 Rajamadam, Madras Presidency, British India (now in Tamil Nadu, India)
    Died	27 January 2009 (aged 98) New Delhi, Delhi, India
    Political party	Indian National Congress
    Spouse(s)	Janaki Venkataraman
    Alma mater	Loyola College, Madras Madras Law College
    Profession	Lawyer
    Religion	Hinduism
    Signature

    Ramaswamy Venkataraman (Tamil: இராமசுவாமி வெங்கட்ராமன்  pronunciation (help·info), 4 December 1910 – 27 January 2009)^[1] was an Indian lawyer, Indian independence activist and politician who served as a Union minister and as the eighth President of India.^[2]

    Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village in Tanjore district, Madras Presidency. He studied law and practised in the Madras High Court and theSupreme Court of India. In his young age, he was an activist of the Indian independence movement and participated in the Quit India Movement. He was appointed member of the Constituent Assembly and the provisional cabinet. He was elected to Lok Sabha four times and served as Union Finance Minister and Defence Minister. In 1984, he was elected the seventhVice-President of India and in 1987, he became the 8th President of India and served from 1987 to 1992. He also served as a State minister under K. Kamaraj and M. Bhaktavatsalam.

    Contents

       [hide] 

    • 1 Early life
    • 2 Political career
      • 2.1 As Minister of Industries
    • 3 Honours and accolades
    • 4 Illness and death
    • 5 Books by Venkataraman
    • 6 Books on R. Venkataraman
    • 7 Notes
    • 8 References
    • 9 External links

    Early life[edit]

    Venkataraman was born in Rajamadam village near in Pattukottai, nearTanjore district in Tamil Nadu. He had his school education in Govt Boys Higher Secondary School, Pattukottai & College education in National College Higher Secondary School at Trichy.

    Educated locally and in the city of Madras (now Chennai), Venkataraman obtained his Master Degree in Economics from Loyola College, Madras. He later qualified in Law from the Law College, Madras. Venkataraman was enrolled in the Madras High Court in 1935 and in the Supreme Court in 1951.^[3]

    While practising law, Venkataraman was drawn into the movement for India's freedom from Britain's colonial subjugation. His active participation in the Indian National Congress's celebrated resistance to the British Government, the Quit India Movement of 1942, resulted in his detention for two years under the Defence of India Rules. Venkataraman's interest in the law continued during this period. In 1946, when the transfer of power from British to Indian hands was imminent, the Government of India included him in the panel of lawyers sent to Malaya and Singapore to defend Indian nationals charged with offences of collaboration during the Japanese occupation of those two places. In the years 1947 to 1950, Venkataraman served as Secretary of the Madras Provincial Bar Federation.

    Political career[edit]

    Law and trade activity led to Venkataraman's increasing association with politics. He was a member of constituent assembly that drafted India's constitution. In 1950 he was elected to free India's Provisional Parliament (1950–1952) and to the First Parliament (1952–1957). During his term of legislative activity, Venkataraman attended the 1952 Session of the Metal Trades Committee of International Labour Organisation as a workers' delegate. He was a member of the Indian Parliamentary Delegation to the Commonwealth Parliamentary Conference in New Zealand. Venkataraman was also Secretary to the Congress Parliamentary Party in 1953–1954.

    Although re-elected to Parliament in 1957, Venkataraman resigned his seat in the Lok Sabha to join the State Government of Madras as a Minister. There Shri Venkataraman held the portfolios of Industries, Labour, Cooperation, Power, Transport and Commercial Taxes from 1957 to 1967. During this time, he was also Leader of the Upper House, namely, the Madras Legislative Council.

    As Minister of Industries[edit]

    Venkataraman was appointed a Member of the Union Planning Commission in 1967 and was entrusted the subjects of Industry, Labour, power, Transport, Communications, Railways. He held that office until 1971. In 1977, Venkataraman was elected to the Lok Sabha from Madras (South) Constituency and served as an Opposition Member of Parliament and Chairman of the Public Accounts Committee.

    Venkataraman was also, variously, a member of the Political Affairs Committee and the Economic Affairs Committee of the Union Cabinet; Governor, International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the Asian Development Bank. Venkataraman was a Delegate to the United Nations General Assembly in 1953, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1959, 1960 and 1961. He was Leader of the Indian Delegation to the 42nd Session of the International Labour Conference at Geneva (1958) and represented India in the Inter Parliamentary Conference in Vienna (1978). He was a member of the United Nations Administrative Tribunal from 1955 to 1979 and was its President from 1968 to 1979.

    In 1980, Venkataraman was re-elected to the Lok Sabha and was appointed Union Minister of Finance in the Government headed by Smt. Indira Gandhi. He was later appointed Union Minister of Defence, here he is credited for initiating India's missile programme, he shifted A P J Abdul Kalam from space programme to the missile programme, and consolidated the entire missile system, naming it as Integrated Guided Missile Development Program.^[4] Later he was to serve as Vice-President of India and then as a President of India starting 1987, where he worked with four prime ministers, and appointed three of them: V P Singh, Chandra Shekhar and P V Narasimha Rao, during his five-year term, which saw the advent of coalition politics in India. His successor S D Sharma was the only other Indian President in 20th Century to work with four prime ministers and appoint three of them. ^[5][6]

    

    As President, Venkataraman led 11 state visits including to USSR,Pakistan, Japan and China.^[7]

    Honours and accolades[edit]

    Venkataraman received the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from University of Madras, the Doctorate of Law (Honoris Causa) from Nagarjuna University. He is Honorary Fellow, Madras Medical College; Doctor of Social Sciences, University of Roorkee; Doctor of Law (Honoris Causa) from University of Burdwan. He was awarded The Tamra Patra for participation in the freedom struggle, the Soviet Land Prize for his travelogue on K. Kamaraj's visit to the Socialist countries. He was the recipient of a Souvenir from the Secretary-General of the United Nations for distinguished service as President of the U.N. Administrative Tribunal. The title of "Sat Seva Ratna" was conferred on him by His Holiness the Sankaracharya of Kancheepuram.

    Illness and death[edit]

    On 12 January 2009, Venkataraman was admitted to the Army Research and Referral Hospital with complaints of Urosepsis (a toxic condition caused by the extravasation of urine into bodily tissues).^[8] His condition grew critical on 20 January, when he was detected with low blood pressure and E. coli tract infection.

    Venkataraman died at the Army Research and Referral Hospital, New Delhi on 27 January 2009 at 1430 IST^[8] due to multiple organ failure at the age of 98.^[9] He died on the day after Republic Day(India) and some programmes coinciding it were cancelled to mark the respect towards the late former President. He was cremated with full state honours at Ekta Sthal near Raj Ghat.

    Books by Venkataraman[edit]

    • Role of Planning in Industrial Development, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Govt. of India Press, 1969.
    • The Role of a Private Member of Parliament, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Harold Laski Institute of Political Science, 1986.
    • My Presidential Years – R Venkataraman, by R Venkataraman. 1995. HarperCollins/Indus. ISBN 81-7223-202-0.
    • R. Venkataraman on Contemporary Issues, by Ramaswami Venkataraman, K. Venkatasubramanian. Published by Variant Communications, 1996.
    • Relevance of Gandhi: And Other Essays, by K Swaminathan, Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Gandhigram Trust, 1998.

    Books on R. Venkataraman[edit]

    • President R. Venkataraman, by Nand Gopal Chaudhry. Published by Manas Publications, 1987. ISBN 81-7049-018-9.
    • The Great Humanist Ramaswami Venkataraman, by Attar Chand. Published by Gian Pub. House, 1987. ISBN 81-212-0106-3.
    • So May India be Great: Selected Speeches and Writings of President R. Venkataraman, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1990.
    • Selected Speeches, 1984–87, 10 September 1984 – 14 May 1987: 10 September 1984 – 14 May 1987, by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.
    • President R. Venkataraman Selected Speeches: July 1987 – December 1989., by Ramaswami Venkataraman. Published by Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Govt. of India, 1991.
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